Why do single engine aircraft perform better/worse at higher altitudes?

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aircraft perform more efficiently @ higher altitudes because of reduced air density. air density decreases offers less resistance. the indicated airspeed measure of air pressure against front of plane caused it;s movement. @ higher altitudes there large difference between actual speed of plane (true airspeed) , indicated airspeed.

many, not all, single engine airplanes , small twin engine planes not turbocharged. non-turbocharged plane, air density drops, power engine can supply drops. few non-turbocharged planes can climb higher 14,000 or 15,000 feet.

result higher altitudes trade off in non-turbocharged plane: lower air density means more efficiency, lower power.

non-turbo planes, "best" way cruise leave throttle set full, climb until thinner air reduces engine's power output cruise power, reduce gas flow achieve optimal air fuel mixture.

in small planes, occurs between 7500 , 8500 feet, full throttle provide 65 75% of maximum sea level power.

what makes them perform better? air pressure being less/more?
thanks


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