What is the History of Ireland?

history of ireland began first known settlement in ireland around 8000 bc, when hunter-gatherers arrived continental europe, via land bridge. few archaeological traces remain of group, descendants , later neolithic arrivals, particularly iberian peninsula, responsible major neolithic sites such newgrange. following arrival of saint patrick , other christian missionaries in mid-5th century ad, christianity subsumed indigenous celtic religion year 600.

around ad 800, more century of viking invasions brought havoc upon monastic culture , on island's various regional dynasties, yet both of these institutions proved strong enough survive , assimilate invaders. coming of cambro-norman mercenaries under richard de clare, 2nd earl of pembroke, nicknamed strongbow, in 1169 marked beginning of more 700 years of direct norman and, later, english involvement in ireland. english crown did not begin asserting full control of island until after english reformation, when questions on loyalty of irish vassals provided initial impetus series of military campaigns between 1534 , 1691. period marked english policy of plantation led arrival of thousands of english , scottish protestant settlers. military , political defeat of gaelic ireland became more clear in seventeenth century, role of religion new division in ireland became more pronounced. period on, sectarian conflict became recurrent theme in irish history.

overthrow, in 1613, of catholic majority in irish parliament realised principally through creation of numerous new boroughs, of protestant-dominated. end of seventeenth century catholics, representing 85% of ireland's population then, banned irish parliament. political power rested entirely in hands of anglo settler-colonial, , more irish anglican, minority while catholic population suffered severe political , economic privations. in 1801, irish parliament abolished , ireland became integral part of new united kingdom of great britain , ireland under act of union. catholics still banned sitting in new parliament until catholic emancipation attained in 1829, principal condition of removal of poorer, , more radical, irish freeholders franchise.

irish parliamentary party strove 1880s attain home rule self-government through parliamentary constitutional movement winning home rule act 1914, though suspended on outbreak of world war i. in 1922, after irish war of independence , anglo-irish treaty, larger part of ireland seceded united kingdom (uk) become independent irish free state — , after 1948 republic, ireland. 6 north eastern counties, known northern ireland, remained within united kingdom. irish civil war followed. history of northern ireland has since been dominated sporadic sectarian conflict between (mainly catholic) nationalists , (mainly protestant) unionists. conflict erupted troubles in late 1960s, until uneasy peace thirty years later.

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